At the core of our behaviour is our sense of self — who we are as individuals.
The concept of self includes our beliefs about our personality traits, physical characteristics, abilities, values, goals, and roles, as well as the knowledge that we exist as human beings.
Self-awareness refers to the extent to which we are paying attention to our own self-concept.
One of the reasons why developing self-awareness is paramount is due to our inconsistencies in attitude and behaviour on a day-to-day basis, between what we THINK inside our heads and what we ACTUALLY do out there in the world.
Research shows that when a person goes through a successful experience in life (i.e. becoming a well-known figure in society), they seek the state of self-awareness. This can be demonstrated by the increased use of first-person singular pronouns such as “I”, “me” and “mine” in their speech and writings.
In one study, researchers analysed the writings and personal letters of Nobel prize winner Ernest Hemingway. The results showed that there was a significant increase in self-awareness following his fame in 1929 when A Farewell to Arms was published.
Conversely, followed a self-related inconsistency (i.e. a disapproving and shameful behaviour such as stealing or violence) people tend to avoid self-awareness.
In another (field) experiment conducted on Halloween to see if self-awareness would influence children’s honesty, researchers expected that they would avoid stealing when they were more self-aware. When trick-or-treating, children were greeted by one of the experimenters, shown a large bowl of candy, and were told to take only one piece each. In some of the houses there was a large mirror (thought to increase awareness of self) behind the candy bowl; in other houses, no mirror at all. Out of the 363 children observed, nearly 20% disobeyed the instructions taking more than one piece of candy. However, the children who were in front of a mirror were significantly less likely to steal (~ 15%) than were those who did not see a mirror (~ 30%). This suggests that the mirror indeed made the children more self-aware, bringing their belief about the importance of being honest closer to their attention.
When people are in large crowds, they may experience what psychologists call “deindividuation” — the loss of individual self- awareness and accountability. They become more likely to act violently, with no concern to mainstream social norms since they can hide themselves, whether behind a Halloween mask, a computer screen or as members of a group.
A sad historical example is the Ku Klux Klan, whose members wore white robes and hats when they met and engaged in their aggressive racist behaviour.
When people become more attuned to themselves as group members and to the specific social norms of the particular situation than to the ethics of right and wrong, they end up losing sight of their own attitudes and behaviours.
More than being self-absorbed within our personal identities, self-awareness brings clarity to our existence, it brings further understanding on the inevitable interconnectedness among us as a global tribe.
When we are aware of our idiosyncrasies as human beings, we heighten our perception of those around us, and with a little humility, at the end of the day we are able to understand we are only cells within a large organism. Destroy one cell, and you’re destroying the organism itself. When we stop to pay attention to one another, we favour the whole.
As Carl Sagan wisely said:
"Human history can be viewed as a slowly dawning awareness that we are members of a larger group. Initially our loyalties were to ourselves and our immediate family, next, to bands of wandering hunter-gatherers, then to tribes, small settlements, city-states, nations. We have broadened the circle of those we love. We have now organised what are modestly described as super-powers, which include groups of people from divergent ethnic and cultural backgrounds working in some sense together… If we are to survive, our loyalties must be broadened further, to include the whole human community, the entire planet Earth. Many of those who run the nations will find this idea unpleasant. They will fear the loss of power. We will hear much about treason and disloyalty. Rich nation-states will have to share their wealth with poor ones. But the choice… is clearly the universe or nothing.”
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